来源：廷豐冷气 http://cgi.blog.roodo.com/trackback/4401043

更新冷凍油有哪些好處？
1. 能避免冷凍油劣化，或干化，造成壓縮機潤滑不良的問題。可延長壓縮機的壽命。

2. 壓縮機潤滑良好，可降低冷氣管路高壓側壓力1~3kg/c㎡以上。一旦高壓側壓力下降，低壓側壓力也會下降。这可使到冷房效果提升與壓縮機運轉負荷變小 (開冷氣时加速變輕快，引擎震動降低)的直接好處。另外，高壓側壓力下降，壓縮機、高壓軟管、高壓鋁管、冷凝器、壓力開關等高壓側冷氣管路零件的耐用度也會跟 著間接提升。

3. 随着壓縮機潤滑良好，冷氣管路高壓側壓力降低，怠速時壓縮機運轉或停止時，怠速提速器的提速幅度降低，引擎的穩定度會提昇。

4. 如果冷凝器在引擎水箱前，高壓側壓力下降，溫度也會下降，有裝3環錶的車主，可以發現水溫跟機油溫度也跟著降低。

5. 如果冷凍油管理不精確、補充新的冷凍油品質不佳、抽真空及冷媒充填程序不確實，冷氣不冷與不耐用、異音(潤滑不良、有空氣與水份等)的問題反而會接踵而至，慎選店家是非常重要的事。

Benefit refilling Compressor Oil: 
1. Refilling Compressor Oil once in a while can prevent the quality of the old compressor oil inside the compressor from degrading, or drying because of high temperature in the compressor. If the compressor oil has degrading or drying, it will cause the poor lubrication to the compressor piston. If the car user has refilled the compressor oil once in a two years, this can prolong the life of the compressor.

2. With the good lubrication in the compressor piston, it can lower the AC high pressure side's pressure  to more than 1~3kg/c㎡. Due to that, the low pressure side's pressure will decrease as well. Thus, the air temperature inside the car will be lowered down more faster (become cooler) and ease the working of the compressor piston (easier to accelerate when AC is on, car engine less vibration while the AC is on but without driving). This lead to the better stability of the car engine.

3. Furthermore, once the high pressure side's pressure has lowered down, it can definitely prolong the life of the compressor/pump, AC piping no matter is rubber or aluminum made, condenser and all other parts on the AC system's high pressure side.

4. If the condenser is installed in front of the car water tank, the high pressure side's pressure decrease, the engine temperature will decrease also (can be seen from the engine temperature meter in the car).

5. If the Compressor Oil refilled has a low quality or the mechanic did not vacuum the AC system and insufficient gas is pump back to the system after refilling the oil will cause the AC condition more worst than before. The AC will be not cold as before or the compressor has annoying sound and other parts in the AC system such as piping would burst easily are some negative effects. Hence, it is very important to choose a good service center for your car AC.

来源 ：雅琥汽车空调 [汽车冷气DIY保养] (1)

定期性冷凝器清洗

    愛車冷氣使用一段年限後，冷凝器因受迎風面影響，砂石樹葉灰塵昆蟲屍體等都會附著在冷凝器表面，

異物一旦附著使得輔助風扇無法完全的進行抽(送)風把熱源帶走，此時會降低散熱效率影響冷房表現，建

議每三個月或是半年，可用水管之水源(注)在冷凝器前方進行沖洗，目的是將這些異物清洗出出冷凝器表

面，切記勿使用高壓清洗機或具有化學成分清洗劑噴灑於表面進行清洗，高壓清洗機由於水注過強會促使

冷凝器散熱鰭片變形影響散熱，使用化學藥劑(清洗劑)會造成或加速冷凝器老化腐蝕損壞。

定期性更換冷氣微濾網(若有裝置者)

  

A.拆下阻塞不良濾網                                                       
B.換裝冷氣新微濾網(有方向性) 

 

DIY濾網更換三步驟  
1.拆下濾網蓋  
2.安裝或更換新濾網(注意有方向性) 
3.按原拆卸步驟裝回

来源 ：雅琥汽车空调 [汽车冷气DIY保养] (2)

盡量使用內氣(車內)循環

    經常使用外氣循環易造成車外砂石樹葉灰塵等異物進(吸)入車室，裝置有冷氣過濾網車型易產生冷氣濾

網阻塞，無裝置冷氣濾網者易造成蒸發器外部阻塞，除行使郊區或高速公路空氣較清新路段可選擇是否使

用外氣循環外，都市中建議已內氣循環為主。

        

開外氣除會造成異物進入以外還會造成冷房效率降低，因為車外的熱空氣進入車室後經蒸發器會

與冷氣混合造成冷房不佳的情形，對於車室密閉空間有一氧化碳產生疑慮時可藉由四門玻璃對開少許或

是打開天窗(上掀)產生空氣對流，來達到降低此一現象。

            

           嚴重外部阻塞的蒸發器

             

阻塞嚴重導致風量變小的蒸發器

避免霉味及霉菌孳生的方法

    霉味的產生多數是因為冷氣使用一段時間，車輛熄火下車停放隔夜之後(或長時間停放)水氣凝結在蒸發

器表面，由於蒸發器表面有灰塵或砂石附著，所以這些水氣並不會凝結水滴滴入排水管排出車外，當車外

溫度與車室(蒸發器)溫度落差很大加上溼度高時就會產生黴菌滋生，悶在蒸發器小空間內會逐漸產生異味(

就像冰箱退冰味道)，待下一次上車發動引擎開冷氣時，鼓風機會將這股味道送出直至味道逐漸消失，這樣

的情況也會產生車室零件發霉致空氣品質不佳。

    欲改善上述情形可改變冷氣操作習慣，當愛車行駛到達定點欲進行車輛停置(會停放很久(數小時以上)甚

至過夜者，若僅是短暫停放可免之)前數分鐘，將A / C關閉(即壓縮機控制開關)並將送風風量開至最大，其

目的在於以最大風量將蒸發器表面之水氣吹落至集水盤並由鼓風機風量送(排)出車外，減少殘餘的水氣留

置在蒸發器表面產生上述情形。

隨時注意冷氣異常情形

    愛車冷氣使用時若與平日狀況不同，例如冷房效果變差、異音或引擎抖動厲害、開冷氣時加速無力油

耗增加等，都建議進廠檢查，若時間不允許進一步承修，經專業人士判斷對於行車安全無所顧慮時可另

日安排檢修，以免造成擴大性損失或是衍生不可預期的故障發生。

勿長期停放於樹陰下並經常清潔前檔風玻璃戶與刷附近落葉

  佈滿樹葉的鼓風機馬達 ↓                                                                  

經常性或長期停放在樹蔭下會使得落葉入外氣入口端(即前檔風玻璃雨刷附近)，一但使用外氣時會將樹

葉吸入鼓風機及蒸發器(若有裝置冷氣微濾網車型會加速濾網阻塞)，造成風量變小的情形，如停放位置

不可避免，也應將掉落於車外表(尤其引擎蓋或前檔風玻璃雨刷等附近或周圍)的樹葉清除乾淨之後再行

駛。

勿長期停放於倉庫(米倉或糧倉)或是稻田附近

    許多小動物(如老鼠)及昆蟲(如蜘蛛或蟑螂或螞蟻)會在這些環境結巢，車輛一旦久置停放會成為這些

動物及昆蟲的小窩，幼鼠或體型較小老鼠會經由外氣循環孔進入車室內(有些車型內外氣循環閥門控制是

電子或真空式，一旦停車熄火後會自動打開轉為外氣)，動物在車內無法跑出車外時會死亡產生腐敗屍臭

(大多是在蒸發器箱內)，昆蟲類則會結窩排泄物也會產生異味。

避免在車上飲食並且經常清理殘渣碎削(尤其是甜品零食或是果汁飲料)

    掉落在車上的食物或是果汁甜品零食殘渣會引來蟑螂或螞蟻等昆蟲的聚集，養成不在車上食用或是經

常性清理車內都可避免類情形發生。

愛車久而閒置不用冷氣系統也要定期操作或使用

    這是避免冷凍油停滯太久沉澱或變質，壓縮機啟動瞬間因為冷凍油與冷媒未能馬上結合潤滑會造成磨

損，若是長期未使用之車輛建議間隔一至兩個星期發動引擎操作冷氣，以確保其功能正常。

陶朱公生意成功图

主 临 钱 期 货 出 用 货 优 帐 余 议 买 接 用 生

心 事 财 银 物 纳 人 物 劣 目 欠 价 卖 纳 度 意

要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要 要

镇 责 清 约 回 谨 方 整 分 稽 识 订 随 温 节 勤

定 任 楚 定 验 慎 正 理 清 查 人 明 时 和 省 紧

妄 放 糊 延 滥 大 诡 散 苟 懒 滥 含 挨 躁 奢 懒

作 弃 涂 迟 收 意 谲 漫 且 怠 出 糊 延 暴 侈 惰

则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则 则

误 受 弊 信 售 错 受 必 比 资 血 争 机 交 用 百

事 害 竇 用 价 漏 某 废 糊 本 本 执 宜 易 途 事

多 大 生 失 低 多 累 残 涂 滞 亏 多 失 少 竭 废

Fan Motor 风扇发动器

汽车大致上有三个分别不同功能的风扇：
Normally, there are three types of Fan in-stored in our car. Each of them have different function.
 
1.引擎储水器风扇(Radiator Fan）

 2. 蒸发器风扇 （Fan Blower)

3. 冷凝器风扇 （Condenser Fan)

这次我们将不谈引擎储水器风扇及蒸发器风扇，我们将焦点放在冷凝器风扇上。
冷凝器风扇的作用是帮助冷凝器（condenser)冷却高温高压的蒸气冷媒，确保必要的通风，同时防止引擎过热。
This time we will only focus on Condenser Fan. It's main function is to help Condenser cooling down the high temperature and high pressure gas faster. In the meanwhile, it help release the heat of the car engine.

当你发现你的车冷气：
When you feel that:

1. 一时冷一时又不冷
    Car air-cond suddenly not cold but its cold back after awhile.
2. 等红绿灯原地不动时感觉引擎很震
    While waiting the traffic light or remain the car on standby mode with air-cond on, you will feel that the 
    car engine is vibrate more than usually.
3. 打开引擎盖时格外的热
    There is very hot when you open up your bonnet.
4. 行驶时突然发觉温度表显示温度异常的高
    When you are on drive, the temperature meter shows the temperature is extremely higher than normally.

这种种征兆很可能是冷气风扇没操作正常。别看这风扇没操作正常只是小事一桩，过几天才去维修也不迟。往往都因为延迟维修了导致更多的损失。这再次说明了每一个汽车冷气系统里的零件都是唇齿相依，一个依靠着一个的。

如果这问题没及时解决，那会导致冷媒输送管爆裂，更糟的是导致引擎温度过高而损坏（engine overheat). 回到问题的根源，那就是风扇发动器不好了，必须换一个新的。
依据我们的多年经验，一些风扇发动器可以进行手工上的维修（Carbon exchange)，一些却不能，必须换一个全新的。

This few signs may because of the Condenser Fan not functioning well. Some of the customer think that its just a small matter, after sometime the car air-cond would be normal again. But if they do repair late, they have to face a huge cost just because of a small matter. Because of the Fan is not functioning well, the temperature of the engine is so high and may cause the air-cond pipe burst. Furthermore, it may cause the car engine over heat as well.
This is all because of the Condenser Fan Motor problem. Thus, once again we want to remind that all the parts in the car Air-conditional is linking together and working together for the system's function.
Due to our experience, some types of the Fan Motor can be repaired by exchanging the Carbon inside the motor but some cannot, so once the Fan Motor is damaged, we have to exchange it with a brand new one.

This type of Fan Motor can be repaired by exchange with new Carbon (depends on the Motor condition)

If this type of the Fan Motor not functioning well, it cannot be repaired and need to exchange with a brand new Fan Motor

Carbon Finished

Exchange with a new Carbon for the Fan Motor - Carbon is at the both side 

如果进行手工上的维修，我们也无法说定它能耐多。可是到目前为止我们都没接获顾客对这维修的投诉，所以以顾客的角度看，这还是一个比较实际，节省开销的做法。一个新的风扇发动器是RM200左右（包括安装费-依款式而定）。如果可以进行维修，在我们的维修厂只须付RM60左右的费用（包括安装费）。

If we do repair for the Fan Motor with exchanging the Carbon, we cannot tell how long will it functioning well after repair. But so far we didn't receive any complain from the customer after their Fan Motor has been repaired by us. So its still fine for not exchange the Fan Motor with a new one but repair it. It save cost for the customer because a brand new Fan Motor would cost around RM200(including installation fees - depends on the types of the Fan Motor). If the Fan Motor can be repaired as said before, it would cost you around RM60 (including installation fees).

添加冷媒 Top upping gas

市面上有两种汽车冷气专用冷媒（Gas)。一种是 R12， 另一种是 134a。多年前，R12气体被专家证实有危害大气层的成分，是一种不环保的冷气冷媒，所以现在的汽车冷气都已改用 134a 冷媒了。因此，添加冷媒的价格也有所不同。现在修车厂 添加冷媒的价格大约为： R12 - RM30 , 134a - RM40（依据车款式与冷气情况而定）。

(1) 在一些情况下，维修人员是不能够为车冷气进行冷媒添加的。这些情况如下：

第一，车冷气零件已经出现大量泄漏冷媒的情况。
常见出现这类情况的零件有 ：冷媒输送管（pipping) ，蒸发器（cooling coil），压缩机（compressor/pump)，冷凝器（condenser）。在这类情况下，大多数的解决方法就是更换一个新的零件。

第二，回路阻塞。
一旦冷媒回路阻塞，瓦斯不能畅通流动到各个零件，强行加入冷媒只会带来更糟的后果，例如输送管或冷媒蓄筒爆裂。常见的回路情况出现在：压缩机与冷凝器之间，冷凝器与冷媒蓄筒之间。在这类情况下，解决方法就是将阻塞物吹出，如果阻塞情况已经很严重了，就得将相关零件更换新的。

第三，压缩机操作不正常
压缩机就像我们的心脏，用气压将冷媒输送到各个零件。如果压缩机不能压缩出足够的压力（严重的不够力/弱），就算添加冷媒也无补于事。无奈之际，也只有换一个新的压缩机了。

(2) 此外，有些情况是不需要为车冷气添加冷媒的。一些常见的情况如下：

第一，冷凝器的风扇没操作正常。
如果风扇操作时有时无，那会影响车引擎的温度，使而提高，因此冷气也会变得不冷了。在这类情况下，解决方法就是更换风扇的发动机 （Fan Motor)。

第二，电路故障
例如：继电器（Relay) 或 保险丝（Fuse) 短路而导致零件无法操作。除此之外，电线断了也可导致零件没有电源而无法操作。

第三，蒸发器遭灰尘阻塞
在这情况下会感觉到风量很小，但是冷度还够，每当到了天气热时，就会感到冷气不够冷了。我们的建议是将蒸发器拆出并进行清洗，清洗后再将冷媒添加回去就行了。这也是其中一项不是单单添加冷媒就能解决的情况。

如果排除以上的可能性，大致上就是因为车冷气冷媒不足了才导致冷气不冷的原因。专家说：连接各零件的胶管1年有100-200g 的自然泄漏。依我们的经验，一两年添加一次冷媒还算是正常的 ，如果添加后不到六个月又发觉冷气又不冷了，那就表示有地方泄漏冷媒了。

Currently, there are two types of Air-conditional Gas, which is R12 and 134a. Few years ago, the scientists proved that the R12 gas is non-environmental friendly. It has cause harmful effect to our atmosphere so they come out with an alternative gas which call 134a. Now, the new model cars is using this type of gas for their air-conditional. Due to this, the price of these two types of gas is different. Normally, the car services center would charge RM30 for one top up of gas R12, and RM40 for one top up of gas 134a (depends on the car model and air-cond condition).  

(1) In some condition, the mechanicians CANNOT top up gas for air-conditional system.


Firstly, there is a big leaking spot in the system
Spare parts that always having gas leaking problem is such as pipping, cooling coil/evaporator, compressor/pump, and condenser. When there is gas leaking problem, the solution for it would mostly be exchanging with a brand new spare parts.


Second, there is a blocking on the pathway in the system
When there is blocking in the pathway, the gas cannot recycle and reach to all the parts in the system. If continue pumping the gas into the air-cond, it would cause a bad effect such as burst in pipping and filter dryer. This problem is mostly happened between the pathway of  compressor and condenser, and also between condenser and filter dryer. We would try to blow out the dirt that blocking the pathway at first. But if the condition is already been in the bad state, we would only to exchange the spare parts with new one. 


Third, compressor is in weak condition
Compressor/pump is just like our heart, it pump the gas throughout the air-conditional system. If the compressor is weak, it cannot give out enough energy to pump the gas, thus the car air-cond would feel like not cold enough or taking long time to cold up the car. Under this problem, if the car owner really want their air-cond in a better condition, we would only advise them to exchange the compressor with a brand new one.

(2) Beside that, there are some conditions that NO NEED to top up gas for the air-conditional system.  


Firstly, the condenser fan did not functioning

If the fan did not functioning well, the car engine temperature would increase, thus the air-cond would not cold enough. The solution is to exchange the fan motor so that the fan would functioning as normal again.


Second, there is a short circuit in the system
Most the spare parts such as compressor, fan, cooling coil and also fan blower needs electric for functioning. When there is short circuit, the problem would mostly occur on the relay or fuses. Besides，it would also because of the break of the wiring system.

Third, the cooling coil has already dirty and cover up with dirt
In this condition, the wind blowing out would become very less but the temperature is still fine. Our advise would be take out the cooling coil and clean it. After cleaning, we would refill back the gas. This is one of the problems that not just solved by topping up air-conditional gas.

If we can exclude all those factors, we can normally define the problem by not enough gas. The professional said there is about 100g to 200g of gas leaking from the rubber pipping each year. This can be say as natural leaking. From our experience, there is still normal if the car air-cond top up gas once in a year or two years. If the car air-cond not cold again after top up around 6 months ago, we can consider there is gas leaking.

汽车冷气空气过滤网 Car air conditonal Air Filter

现今的汽车，都需要放入空气过滤网（air filter)。它的主要功能是成为蒸发器(cooling coil/evaporator)的保护层，不让灰尘进入蒸发器，以减低蒸发器损坏或肮脏的情况。如今汽车维修厂售卖一个过滤网大约从RM60起（依车款式而定）。可是，较新颖的车子一旦检查出蒸发器肮脏了（会减低冷气的出风量，从而感觉冷气不冷）或蒸发器损坏了（导致冷媒泄露），维修人员就必须将整个驾驶盘，收音机/音响，及冷气操控盘（control board) 拆下，以取出置在 内部的蒸发器进行维修或更换。整个过程须用上4 到6个小时。如果只须清洗，就得花上RM300起的费用。如果蒸发器损坏了，那就必须更换新的，费用大约从RM700起（依车款式而定）。所以，从消费者的角度来看，安装一个空气过滤网是比较实际的做法。一个空气过滤网能用上2至3 年，只要大约6个月把它取出并清楚上面的灰尘，就可以为蒸发器进行一成保护，延长蒸发器的寿命。

Nowadays, the new model cars need to install an air conditional air filter. It's main function is to be a protect layer for the cooling coil. It prevents the dust from entering the cooling coil. This can prevent the damage of cooling coil and also prevent the cooling coil from dirty. Normally, the price of an air filter selling by the car service center is around RM60 plus (depends on the car model). But，if the car found out that the cooling coil is dirty already (reduce the wind blowing out from the blower) or the cooling coil has damaged (gas leaking from cooling coil), the mechanicians have to take out the control board including the steering, radio/audio system, in order to take out the cooling coil for cleaning or exchanging. The whole process need take around 4 to 6 hours. For cleaning the cooling coil only, it cost around RM300 plus, if exchange the cooling coil with a brand new one, it cost around RM700 plus(depends on car model). From our advise, it is better to install an air filter. An air filter usually can last around 2 to 3 years.We only need to take the air filter out for cleaning the dirt, this simple move can absolutely pro-long the cooling coil life.

空气过滤网置于车子前的抽屉后面

Air filter is placed behind the drawer.

充满灰尘的过滤网

Air filter with full of dirt.

 

车内的操控盘被拆除

The control board need to be removed to take out the cooling coil.

肮脏了的蒸发器（无内置空气过滤网的情况）

Cooling coil/evaporator with full of dirt（Its because didn't install air filter) .

须内置空气过滤器的车子(新款式）如下：

Some of the car （new model) which need install air filter :

1. Toyata Avanza

2. Toyota Hilux Vigo

3. Toyota Vios
4. Toyota Altis

5. Perodua Myvi

6. Perodua Kenari
7. Perodua Viva

8. Gen 2

9. Kia car series

10. Mitsubishi Lancer